Can everybody learn to code?: computer science community perceptions about learning the fundamentals of programming

Abstract

Recently, we have seen a wave of initiatives that encourage everybody (from children to adults) to learn to code and many countries implement new K-12 computing curricula. However, research has identified the numerous challenges experienced by students learning to code. With much of the literature focused on student perceptions and capabilities, what insight might the computer science (CS) community offer about learning to code that may guide future directions in K-12 practice and research? We invited the CS community to respond to an online survey about learning to code. This survey forms a pilot to determine whether the topic warrants further exploration. We explore the responses in light of the introductory programming literature and Mindset Theories to identify perceived capabilities required, the challenges and potential barriers to learning to code. Our results were based on a small sample, mostly from Australian academics and IT professionals. A majority perceived that anybody could learn to code, with effort and motivation, however, that more advanced levels of programming require mathematical logic, a desire and ability for problem-solving and abstract thinking. A variety of challenges were identified, which may have implications for CS education and research. The findings warrant further exploration into the area of CS community perceptions, particularly with educators of introductory programming courses.