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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/34039
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Ammonium induces aberrant blastocyst differentiation, metabolism, pH regulation, gene expression and subsequently alters fetal development in the mouse |
Author: | Lane, M. Gardner, D. |
Citation: | Biology of Reproduction, 2003; 69(4):1109-1117 |
Publisher: | Soc Study Reproduction |
Issue Date: | 2003 |
ISSN: | 0006-3363 1529-7268 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Michelle Lane and David K. Gardner |
Abstract: | The presence of ammonium in the culture medium has significant detrimental effects on the regulation of embryo physiology and genetics. Ammonium levels build up linearly over time in the culture medium when media containing amino acids are incubated at 37°C. Ammonium in the culture media significantly reduces blastocyst cell number, decreases inner cell mass development, increases apoptosis, perturbs metabolism, impairs the ability of embryos to regulate intracellular pH, and alters the expression of the imprinted gene H19. In contrast, the rate of blastocyst development and blastocyst morphology appear to be normal. The transfer of blastocysts exposed to ammonium results in a significant reduction in the ability to establish a pregnancy. Furthermore, of those embryos that manage to implant, fetal growth is significantly impaired. Embryos exposed to 300 µM ammonium are retarded by 1.5 days developmentally at Day 15 of pregnancy. It is therefore essential that culture conditions for mammalian embryos are designed to minimize the buildup of ammonium to prevent abnormalities in embryo physiology, genetic regulation, pregnancy, and fetal development. |
Keywords: | Cells, Cultured Blastocyst Animals Mice, Inbred Strains Mice RNA, Untranslated Apoptosis Cell Differentiation Cell Survival Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Embryonic and Fetal Development Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Female RNA, Long Noncoding |
Description: | © 2003 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc. |
DOI: | 10.1095/biolreprod.103.018093 |
Published version: | http://www.biolreprod.org/cgi/content/abstract/69/4/1109 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 6 Obstetrics and Gynaecology publications |
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