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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/7337
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | IgG subclass antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and risk for progression to clinical insulin-dependent diabetes |
Author: | Couper, J. Harrison, L. Aldis, J. Colman, P. Honeyman, M. Ferrante, A. |
Citation: | Human Immunology, 1998; 59(8):493-499 |
Publisher: | ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC |
Issue Date: | 1998 |
ISSN: | 0198-8859 1879-1166 |
Abstract: | Pancreatic islet beta cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is believed to be mediated by a T-helper 1 (T(H)1) lymphocyte response to islet antigens. In the mouse, T(H)1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and T(H)2 (IL-4, -5, -6, -10) responses are associated with the generation of IgG2a and IgG1 subclasses, respectively. The equivalent human subclasses have not been defined. Because the IgG subclass response to an antigen may be a potentially useful marker of T(H)1/T(H)2 immune balance we measured IgG subclass antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a major islet autoantigen in IDDM, in 34 newly-diagnosed IDDM patients and in 28 at-risk, first-degree relatives of people with IDDM. In the newly-diagnosed patients, total IgG antibodies to GAD were detected in 74% (25/34); IgG1 and/or IgG3 were significantly more frequent than IgG4 or IgG4/IgG2 (14/34 versus 5/34, p = 0.01). GAD antibody-negative patients were significantly younger (p = 0.01). In 15 at-risk relatives who had not progressed to clinical diabetes after a median of 4.5 years, 10 had IgG2 and/or IgG4 antibodies compared to only 3/13 progressors (p = 0.02). Total IgG and IgG2 antibodies were higher in non-progressors. Non-progressors were older than progressors (p = 0.01), and relatives with IgG2 and/or IgG4 responses were also older (p = 0.01). These results suggest that IgG subclass antibodies to GAD may contribute to diabetes risk assessment in islet antibody relatives. |
Keywords: | Islets of Langerhans Humans Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Disease Progression Insulin Glutamate Decarboxylase Immunoglobulin G Autoantibodies Histocompatibility Testing Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Risk Factors Prospective Studies Adolescent Adult Middle Aged Child Child, Preschool Female Male |
DOI: | 10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00040-8 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00040-8 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Paediatrics publications |
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