Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/78387
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Type: Journal article
Title: Transformation of PVP coated silver nanoparticles in a simulated wastewater treatment process and the effect on microbial communities
Author: Doolette, C.
McLaughlin, M.
Kirby, J.
Batstone, D.
Harris, H.
Ge, H.
Cornelis, G.
Citation: Chemistry Central Journal, 2013; 7(46):11-18
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd
Issue Date: 2013
ISSN: 1752-153X
1752-153X
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Casey L Doolette, Mike J McLaughlin, Jason K Kirby, Damien J Batstone, Hugh H Harris, Huoqing Ge and Geert Cornelis
Abstract: Background: Manufactured silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials in consumer goods and consequently their concentrations in wastewater and hence wastewater treatment plants are predicted to increase. We investigated the fate of AgNPs in sludge that was subjected to aerobic and anaerobic treatment and the impact of AgNPs on microbial processes and communities. The initial identification of AgNPs in sludge was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The solid phase speciation of silver in sludge and wastewater influent was then examined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The effects of transformed AgNPs (mainly Ag-S phases) on nitrification, wastewater microbial populations and, for the first time, methanogenesis was investigated. Results: Sequencing batch reactor experiments and anaerobic batch tests, both demonstrated that nitrification rate and methane production were not affected by the addition of AgNPs [at 2.5 mg Ag L-1 (4.9 g L-1 total suspended solids, TSS) and 183.6 mg Ag kg -1 (2.9 g kg-1 total solids, TS), respectively]. The low toxicity is most likely due to AgNP sulfidation. XAS analysis showed that sulfur bonded Ag was the dominant Ag species in both aerobic (activated sludge) and anaerobic sludge. In AgNP and AgNO3 spiked aerobic sludge, metallic Ag was detected (~15%). However, after anaerobic digestion, Ag(0) was not detected by XAS analysis. Dominant wastewater microbial populations were not affected by AgNPs as determined by DNA extraction and pyrotag sequencing. However, there was a shift in niche populations in both aerobic and anaerobic sludge, with a shift in AgNP treated sludge compared with controls. This is the first time that the impact of transformed AgNPs (mainly Ag-S phases) on anaerobic digestion has been reported. Conclusions: Silver NPs were transformed to Ag-S phases during activated sludge treatment (prior to anaerobic digestion). Transformed AgNPs, at predicted future Ag wastewater concentrations, did not affect nitrification or methanogenesis. Consequently, AgNPs are very unlikely to affect the efficient functioning of wastewater treatment plants. However, AgNPs may negatively affect sub-dominant wastewater microbial communities.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles
Silver sulfide
Wastewater treatment
STEM HAADF
Sequencing batch reactor
Nitrification
Microbial communities
Pyrotag sequencing
Silver speciation
XAS
Synchrotron
Biosolids
Description: Extent: 18p.
Rights: © 2013 Doolette et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use,distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-46
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-153x-7-46
Appears in Collections:Aurora harvest
Environment Institute publications
IPAS publications

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