Exploration of complex system types

Abstract

The objective of the paper is to explore a range of complex system types in order to identify lessons learned which may be able to be applied in other complex system types. The range of complex system types includes: Traditional System of Systems (SoS) as used in defence, supply chains, world a federated government enterprise, the world financial system, an Australian charity building schools in Afghanistan, disaster management, and dispute resolution between warring neighbours. The analysis includes examination of a number of analysis categorisation systems including recognising the systems' autonomous and independent behaviour, structural characteristics such as a central initiator of coordination, or a lack of one, Hitchens' level, complexity, both operational and cultural, development of mental models, exploration through systems dynamics, identification of leverage points, and consideration of Checkland's soft systems approach. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.