Concurrent radiotherapy and continuous ambulatory infusion 5-fluorouracil in advanced head and neck cancer

Abstract

Patients with locally advanced stage 3 or 4 recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 or 300 mg/m2/day by prolonged ambulatory infusion concomitantly with radiotherapy (60-66 Gy) to the primary site and neck nodes in 30-33 fractions at five fractions per week, boosting to smaller volumes after 60 Gy. Of 39 patients, the complete response rate was 82% (95% CI: 67-93%). The estimated percentage without failure at 2 years was 59% (S.E. 8%) and at 4 years was 50% (S.E. 8%). Estimated head and neck cancer specific survival was 64% (S.E. 8%) at 2 years and 52% (S.E. 8%) at 4 years. Acute toxicities included moist desquamation in 49% and dry desquamation in 28%, confluent mucositis in 56% and patchy mucositis in 44%. Late effects, more than 6 months after completing treatment, assessed in 35 patients, included severe salivary dysfunction in 3 patients and moderate in 21, severe osteonecrosis in 4 patients and moderate toxicity in subcutaneous tissues in 13, skin in 3 and mucosa in 2 patients. It is feasible to give continuous 5-FU concurrently with radiotherapy in locally advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer, albeit with increased toxicity. The response rate and survival obtained in this trial justify further investigation of the combined treatment in a randomised trial.