Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/89677
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Type: Journal article
Title: Treatment with the NK1 antagonist emend reduces blood brain barrier dysfunction and edema formation in an experimental model of brain tumors
Author: Harford-Wright, E.
Lewis, K.
Ghabriel, M.
Vink, R.
Citation: PLoS One, 2014; 9(5):e97002-1-e97002-7
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Issue Date: 2014
ISSN: 1932-6203
1932-6203
Editor: Alonso, M.
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Elizabeth Harford-Wright, Kate M. Lewis, Mounir N. Ghabriel, Robert Vink
Abstract: The neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been implicated in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of cerebral edema in acute brain injury. Cerebral edema accumulates rapidly around brain tumors and has been linked to several tumor-associated deficits. Currently, the standard treatment for peritumoral edema is the corticosteroid dexamethasone, prolonged use of which is associated with a number of deleterious side effects. As SP is reported to increase in many cancer types, this study examined whether SP plays a role in the genesis of brain peritumoral edema. A-375 human melanoma cells were injected into the right striatum of male Balb/c nude mice to induce brain tumor growth, with culture medium injected in animals serving as controls. At 2, 3 or 4 weeks following tumor cell inoculation, non-treated animals were perfusion fixed for immunohistochemical detection of Albumin, SP and NK1 receptor. A further subgroup of animals was treated with a daily injection of the NK1 antagonist Emend (3 mg/kg), dexamethasone (8 mg/kg) or saline vehicle at 3 weeks post-inoculation. Animals were sacrificed a week later to determine BBB permeability using Evan's Blue and brain water content. Non-treated animals demonstrated a significant increase in albumin, SP and NK1 receptor immunoreactivity in the peritumoral area as well as increased perivascular staining in the surrounding brain tissue. Brain water content and BBB permeability was significantly increased in tumor-inoculated animals when compared to controls (p<0.05). Treatment with Emend and dexamethasone reduced BBB permeability and brain water content when compared to vehicle-treated tumor-inoculated mice. The increase in peritumoral staining for both SP and the NK1 receptor, coupled with the reduction in brain water content and BBB permeability seen following treatment with the NK1 antagonist Emend, suggests that SP plays a role in the genesis of peritumoral edema, and thus warrants further investigation as a potential anti-edematous treatment.
Keywords: Blood-Brain Barrier
Animals
Humans
Mice
Brain Neoplasms
Brain Edema
Disease Models, Animal
Morpholines
Substance P
Receptors, Neurokinin-1
Permeability
Male
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
Aprepitant
Rights: © 2014 Harford-Wright et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097002
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097002
Appears in Collections:Aurora harvest 7
Medical Sciences publications

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