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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133747
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Associations between conformity to masculine norms and depression: age effects from a population study of Australian men |
Author: | Herreen, D. Rice, S. Currier, D. Schlichthorst, M. Zajac, I. |
Citation: | BMC Psychology, 2021; 9(1):32-1-32-10 |
Publisher: | Springer Nature |
Issue Date: | 2021 |
ISSN: | 2050-7283 2050-7283 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Danielle Herreen, Simon Rice, Dianne Currier, Marisa Schlichthorst and Ian Zajac |
Abstract: | Background: Strict adherence to masculine norms has been associated with deleterious consequences for the physical and mental health of men. However, population-based research is lacking, and it remains unclear whether ageing influences adherence to masculine norms and the extent to which mental health problems like depression are implicated. Methods: This study reports on data from 14,516 males aged 15–55 years who participated in Wave 1 of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Male Health (Ten to Men). Group differences in self-reported conformity to masculine norms (CMNI-22), current depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and self-reported 12-month depression history were examined for males aged 15–17 years, 18–25 years, 26–35 years, 36–50 years, and 51–55 years. Generalised linear models were used to examine the relationships between these variables across age groups. Results: Conformity to masculine norms decreased significantly with age. However, models predicting depression generally showed that higher conformity to masculine norms was associated with an increased risk of current depressive symptoms, especially in the oldest age group. Conversely, higher conformity was associated with a decreased likelihood of a self-reported 12-month depression history, although nuances were present between age groups, such that this trend was not evident in the oldest age group. Conclusions: Findings provide important insights into the complex relationship between conformity to masculine norms and depressive symptoms across the lifespan and further highlight the importance of mental health campaigns that address the complexities of gendered help-seeking behaviour for men. |
Keywords: | Depression; masculinity; mental health; ageing; lifespan |
Rights: | © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
DOI: | 10.1186/s40359-021-00533-6 |
Grant ID: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/GNT1158881 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00533-6 |
Appears in Collections: | Psychology publications |
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hdl_133747.pdf | Published version | 903.28 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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