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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Effects of intraduodenal lipid and protein on gut motility and hormone release, glycemia, appetite, and energy intake in lean men |
Author: | Hutchison, A. Luscombe-Marsh, N. Saies, A. Little, T. Standfield, S. Horowitz, M. Feinle-Bisset, C. |
Citation: | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013; 98(2):300-311 |
Publisher: | Amer Soc Clinical Nutrition |
Issue Date: | 2013 |
ISSN: | 0002-9165 1938-3207 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Amy T Ryan, Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh, Alexander A Saies, Tanya J Little, Scott Standfield, Michael Horowitz, and Christine Feinle-Bisset |
Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Intraduodenal lipid modulates gastrointestinal motility and hormone release and suppresses energy intake (EI) more than does intraduodenal glucose. Oral protein is the most satiating macronutrient and modulates postprandial glycemia; the comparative effects of intraduodenal protein and lipid and their combined effects are unclear. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of intraduodenal protein and lipid, alone or in combination, on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, glycemia, and EI. DESIGN: Twenty lean men were studied on 5 randomized, double-blind occasions. Antropyloroduodenal motility, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, glucagon, blood glucose, appetite, and nausea were measured during 90-min isocaloric (3 kcal/min) intraduodenal infusions of lipid [pure lipid condition (L3)], protein [pure protein condition (P3)], a 2:1 combination of lipid and protein [2:1 lipid:protein condition (L2P1)], a 1:2 combination of lipid and protein [1:2 lipid:protein condition (L1P2)], or a control. Immediately after the infusion, EI from a buffet lunch was quantified. RESULTS: In comparison with the control, all nutrient infusions suppressed antral and duodenal and stimulated pyloric pressures (P < 0.05). Cholecystokinin and GLP-1 release and pyloric stimulation were lipid-load dependent (r ≥ 0.39, P < 0.01), insulin and glucagon releases were protein-load dependent (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), and normoglycemia was maintained. L3 but not P3 increased nausea (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, L3 and P3 but not L2P1 or L1P2 suppressed EI (P < 0.05) without major effects on appetite. CONCLUSIONS: In lean men, despite differing effects on gut function, intraduodenal lipid and protein produce comparable reductions in energy intake. The effects of lipid may be a result of nausea. Protein also regulates blood glucose by stimulating insulin and glucagon. In contrast, at the loads selected, lipid:protein combinations did not suppress energy intake, suggesting that a threshold load is required to elicit effects. This trial was registered at Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.anzctr.org.au) as 12609000949280. |
Keywords: | Gastrointestinal Tract Humans Gastrointestinal Hormones Cholecystokinin Glucagon Insulin Blood Glucose Dietary Fats Dietary Proteins Body Mass Index Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Appetite Satiation Energy Intake Gastrointestinal Motility Postprandial Period Adolescent Adult Middle Aged New Zealand Male Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Young Adult |
Rights: | © 2013 American Society for Nutrition |
DOI: | 10.3945/ajcn.113.061333 |
Grant ID: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/627002 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565312 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1022706 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/627118 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.061333 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Medicine publications |
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